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【内容提示】
根据下面的内容提示写一篇因果分析型文章：
纽约城市旅客社（The New York City Visitor"s Bureau）说， 50年前首先把纽约叫成“大苹果”的是爵士乐手和其他文娱表演人员。那时，他们每天转场到一个城镇。他们把每一个城镇称做树上的一颗苹果。一个演员不能在纽约获得成功，就不能看做是成功演员。这样，他们就把纽约叫做“大苹果”了。
【作文示范】
Why New York Is Called the Big Apple
The New York City Visitor"s Bureau says jazz musicians①and other entertainers② first called New York the Big Apple fifty years ago。
At that time jazz musicians earned money by performing in many cities and towns across the United States。 They usually played their music in a different town each night。 But the performers would like to play in New York City best of all。 New York was the place with the best-paid jobs， the most money to earn， and a greater number of people for jazz music。 A performer was not considered successful until he was successful in New York。 The early jazz musicians described each town and city in America as an apple on a tree。 Naturally they called New York City the Big Apple。 Later a night club was named The Big Apple， and a popular dance was also called The Big Apple。 But no one except jazz musicians and some entertainers used this term to describe New York City。
About fifteen years ago， the city officials wanted to get more people to visit New York。 They needed a new symbol for their city。 They remembered the stories of the jazz musicians and began using the Big Apple in their advertisements。 The idea worked。
Today so many persons from different parts of the world come and visit New York City every day。 They may probably know New York"s nickname③， though they may not know why the city is called the Big Apple。
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奥巴马其人其事英文参考范文
Barack Hussein Obama born on August 4 1961 is the junior United States Senator from Illinois and presidential nominee of the Democratic Party in the 2008 United States presidential election.
Obama graduated with a B.A. from Columbia in 1983 then at the start of the following year worked for a year at the Business International Corporation and then at the New York Public Interest Research Group.
After four years in New York City Obama moved to Chicago where he was hired as director of the Developing Communities Project (DCP) and worked there for three years from June 1985 to May 1988.
Obama entered Harvard Law School in late 1988. At the end of his first year he was selected based on his grades and a writing competition as an editor of the Harvard Law Review. In February 1990 in his second year he was elected president of the Law Review a full-time volunteer position functioning as editor-in-chief and supervising the Law Review\'s staff of eighty editors.
After graduating with a Juris Doctor (J.D.) magna cum laude from Harvard in 1991 he returned to Chicago.
He served from 1994 to 2002 on the board of directors of the Woods Fund of Chicago and also from 1994 to 2002 on the board of directors of The Joyce Foundation.
Obama was elected to the Illinois Senate in 1996 In January 2003 Obama became chairman of the Illinois Senate\'s Health and Human Services Committee. He resigned from the Illinois Senate in November 2004 following his election to the US Senate.
巴拉克?侯赛因?奥巴马，出生于1961年8月4日，是代表美国伊利诺州的联邦参议员，2008年美国总统选举民主党候选人。
1983年在哥伦比亚大学取得学士学位后，奥巴马在“国际商务集团”和“纽约公共利益研究所”工作了一年。
1985年，他迁往芝加哥，并在之后的三年主持了一个社区发展计划。
奥巴马于1988年底进入哈佛法学院。第一年年末，奥巴马凭借其出色的成绩和在一次论文比赛中脱颖而出，被选为《哈佛法律评论》的编辑。1990年2月，他被选为该学术期刊的主席，任全职主编，手下有八名编辑。
1991年，奥巴马在哈佛大学获得了“极优等”（拉丁文的学位荣誉，magna cum laude）法学士的学位，并回到芝加哥。1994年至2002年，奥巴马分别在芝加哥森林基金会和乔伊斯基金会的董事会任职过一段时间。
1996年，奥巴马进入政坛，当选伊利诺斯州参议员。2003年1月，奥巴马被选为伊利诺斯州卫生公共服务委员会主席。2004年11月，他在国会选举中当选伊利诺斯州联邦参议员。
2008年11月，当选为首位非洲裔美国总统。
邀请朋友参加生日聚会英文参考范文
【内容提示】
假设你是李华。你有一个朋友叫汤姆，下星期五（九月五日）是他的生日，你想为他庆祝一番。于是你写了好多封请帖给其他朋友，其中有两份是写给露丝和梁燕的。请你将这一请帖写出来，并替露丝写一个接受邀请的回帖，再替梁燕写一个拒绝邀请的回帖。要点如下：
①生日聚会从九点钟开始，一直到十二点；
②舞会结束以后切生日蛋糕；
③梁燕不能来的理由是她母亲有病。
【作文示范】
Inviting Friends to a Birthday Party
Invitation
Dear Ruth，
Next Friday， September the fifth， is Tom"s birthday。 I thought it would be pleasant to have some of his friends here to help him celebrate。 Will you come? We"ll have dancing from nine until midnight， and then cut the birthday cake!
Both Tom and I are very eager to have you here， so don"t disappoint us!
Affectionately yours，
Li Hua
August 31， 1998
R。 S。 V。 P
Acceptance of the Invitation
Dear Li Hua，
Thank you for your invitation to join you at Tom"s birthday party on next Friday， September the fifth。 I"m free for the party on that day， and will be glad to meet and talk with you about our friendship。
I will be at your home at nine sharp， and look forward to seeing you。
Cordially，
Ruth
Sept。 2
Apology for being unable to accept the invitation
Dear Li Hua，
I"m so sorry I can"t come to Tom"s birthday party。 These days my mother has been falling ill， so I have to attend to her。
Thank you for asking me， Li Hua。 I certainly hate to miss any of your parties。 They"re always such fun!
Affectionately，
Liang Yan
Sept。 2
关于感恩节的英文范文及翻译参考范文
Thanksgiving Day
Thanksgiving Day is coming soon, it is on the fourth Thursday in December. Thanksgiving Day is very popular in western country, on that day, people will make a big turkey to eat. The day is to in honor of Indian people's great kindness. A long time ago, some puritans took the boat May Flower to Americafor freedom, but they suffered from starvation and illness, the Indian people helped them, gave them food and treat them. The puritan planted something, they were eager to have good harvest, at last, they got it and felt very grateful to God and the Indian people, so they decided to make a day to remember this and show gratitude.
【翻译】
感恩节就要来了，在十一月的第四个星期天。感恩节在西方很流行，在那天，人们烤火鸡来吃。这个节日是为了纪念印第安人们的友好。很久以前，一些清教 徒乘着“五月花”号船去美国寻求自由，但是他们遭遇饥饿和疾病，印第安人们帮助了他们，提供他们食物并治疗他们。清教徒播种，希望有好的丰收，最后，他们 得到了好的丰收，很感激上帝和印第安人，所以他们决定定一个日子来记住这些并表示感谢。
给爸爸妈妈的一封信英文参考范文
Dear parents，
“You always say that I am naive。 In your eyes， I am always the little girl who will never grow up”。 This is my favorite song and also the sound from the bottom of my heart。 You made me feel so lucky to be your child。 But I find our hearts getting further apart as time goes by。
You strictly forbid me to do entertaining activities even if I finished my homework， such as watching TV or playing computer games。 based on this， I couldn’t get any grade less than A。 It is said that genius only means hard-working all one’s life。 But I think combining exertion is the best way for learning。
The most important thing to me was that I feel frustrated for having few friends to confide in due to your strict rules。 I can’t have a play date， participate in a school play or even choose my own extracurricular activities。 Who will accept such a boring and troublesome person? I am just an ordinary girl who can’t stand loneliness， so I always feel contradictory。
On the one hand， I’m grateful to have you in my life， to disappoint you was the least I would do。 On the other hand， what you asked for me made me felt like a puppet rather than a real person。 I appreciated your efforts to pull me away from a self-indulgent life， but your obsessively extravagant strictness has pushed me into an isolated and insensible one。 I need a little freedom so that I will concentrate on something I really interested in。
Father and mother， these words were hid in my deep heart for a long time。 I love you， and I believe if you change some harsh rules。 I will have a wonderful life。
Best wishes。
Yours， daughter
